medical treatment for breast cancer

Surgery. Treatment varies depending on the type and stage of cancer, but surgery remains the first choice for most tumors. Most of the operations are less disfiguring than the radical mastectomy was the norm until the year 1970. Surgery for breast cancer are extended radical mastectomy involves removal of the breast, axillary lymph nodes and chest muscles below. This procedure, rarely performed today, is reserved for women with largeTumors associated with or have infiltrated the muscles and connective tissues. If the mammary gland deep in the chest lymph nodes are involved, they will also be removed. modified radical mastectomy is the removal of the breast, axillary lymph nodes, and sometimes a part of the pectoral muscle. The amount of tissue removed from the arm depends on the extent of the tumor. This remains the most common surgery for women with invasive breast cancer. Total, or simple,mastectomy is to remove the entire breast, including the expansion of the armpit and a number of times near the collarbone. Because the lymph nodes are left intact, radiation usually follows surgery.

Subcutaneous mastectomy involves removal of breast tissue, but leaving the skin and nipple intact. A prosthesis is then slipped under the skin of normal appearance. This procedure is rarely performed because it can miss cancer andcosmetic results are often poor. Lumpectomy or partial mastectomy involves removing the cancerous lump and a margin of surrounding normal tissue. Some of the axillary lymph nodes were removed and examined for distribution, and surgery followed by radiotherapy. Prevention or prophylactic mastectomy is the removal of a breast to prevent cancer developing. This is done only if a woman has a high risk of breast cancer andso worried by the prospect that they can not live a normal life. Breast reconstruction by a plastic surgeon can sometimes be performed immediately after a mastectomy, but more often is done after the initial incision has healed. If your breasts are bigger than others, may be reduced to match the reconstructed one, or at the same time as the reconstruction or later use. In the past, an implant filled with silicone gel is the first choice forreconstruction. Because questions were raised about the long-term safety of silicone, many women are now choosing implants filled with saline, or a more elaborate procedure in which the fatty tissue of the buttocks or elsewhere woman herself is used to reconstruct a breast .

Radiotherapy. The goal of this treatment is to destroy cancer cells that may have escaped surgical removal. Radiation is usually given after a simplemastectomy and a lumpectomy, or lymph nodes are affected most. It 'also prescribed for cancer inoperable or recurrent cancer and to relieve the pain of age. Usually two or three weeks he has started radiation after surgery, or after the scar has healed and the woman to use her arm again. immediate side effects include skin blisters and fatigue. Later, the skin exposed to radiation darker, more often, and the lack ofsensitivity to any nerve endings are damaged. Long-term complications can include pulmonary function impairment caused by scar tissue, an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and easily break the ribs. Chemotherapy. Studies show that adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improves long-term survival, even for women with localized stage I cancer.

Chemotherapy before surgery can begin, but is usually started a few weeks later. This treatment is alsoprescribed for recurrent or inoperable tumors. chemotherapy seems to be more effective in preventing recurrence in younger women who have gone through menopause. The side effects hair loss, nausea, reduced immunity to infection, mouth ulcers, fatigue and bleeding problems are temporary, but still try. For this reason, chemotherapy can not be recommended for an older woman, especially if the cancer is localized. Hormone therapy. CancerSpecialists now believe that almost all patients with breast cancer may benefit from hormone therapy, even if their tumors are not stimulated by the type of estrogen or progesterone Teron. Thmoxifen (Nolvadex), a drug that blocks estrogen, the treatment of choice. It has fewer side effects than cancer drugs, but can be hot flushes and other menopausal symptoms, because in younger women. Other, more radical approach to ovarian hormones include ablation, a procedureboth have their ovaries surgically removed or destroyed by chemicals or radiation, and perhaps the removal of other glands that produce hormones.

Experimental treatments

Women with advanced breast cancer may benefit from experimental therapies such as hyperthermia, with a high fever prompted the use of drugs to kill cancer cells, photodynamic therapy, which uses a light-sensitive cancer and bone marrow transplant bone womanBone marrow is destroyed by drugs and then replaced with healthy bone marrow cancer, strengthen the body's ability to fight.

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