Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. In the U.S., about 180,000 women develop each year. The disease can also occur in men, although male breast cancer accounts for less than 1 in 100 cases. The risk increases with age, doubling every 10 years.
The disease is usually diagnosed in women older than 50 years. Very few women under 30 years of age. Despite the increased incidence, there is a slight decrease in thenumber of deaths in recent years and only about one-fifth of the fatal cases. This reduction is due to better treatment and greater use of mammography screening, which means that tumors are diagnosed early, when often respond well to treatment.
Screening, the number of deaths among women over 50 years with a maximum of 4 to 10. In the United States, many doctors recommend that women over the age of 40 years a mammogram every 1-2 years and every year more than 50 years. Cancermay first develop in the lobules of the breast (the structures in the breast that produce milk). A tumor that originates in the milk ducts may cause Paget's disease of the breast. Tumors can spread to other organs such as lung or liver, before being detected.
It is a cancer that originates in the breast tissue of women and men. It can spread to the lymph nodes under the arm for the diagnosis. With advanced disease, metastases may be seen in manybody organs, bones, brain, lungs, liver and skin.
Causes:
The underlying cause of most is unclear. However, some identified risk factors, many of which suggest that the female hormone estrogen is an important factor in the development and progression of the disease. And 'well-known that women have their menstrual period before age 11, or a late menopause, seem to an increased risk of developing this cancer, probably because they are exposedhigh estrogen levels for longer. The number of menstrual cycles before a first pregnancy is also significant. And a woman who has her first child before age 20 had chances. Breastfeeding is thought to have an additional protective effect.
Risk factors for the development of the subject
. Early onset of menstruation and late menopause
. first pregnancy after age 30
. Family history of disease
. Exposure to radiation
possible risk factors
. Highhigh-fat diet
. Alcohol abuse
. Estrogen Replacement
. The use of oral contraceptives
Symptoms:
It is usually manifested as a painless lump in any part of the breast or under the arm. Occasionally, symptoms are more subtle, such as:
. A nipple
. Bloody discharge from the nipple
. Changes in the skin over the breast so that it resembles the skin of an orange.
Diagnosis:
Any chest pain orlumps felt by physical examination with a woman or your doctor and any lumps found on mammography (X-rays) should be considered for biopsy. Bumps seen on a mammogram but not felt the investigation can be localized with ultrasound or mammogram to biopsy. If a diagnosis of it is established, staging tests are:
. Liver function tests
. Alkaline phosphate tests for bone diseases
. RXT (radiography)
. Bone scan (NuclearMedicine)
Complications:
Complications to be related to areas of metastasis:
. Bone metastases can cause pain, fractures and increased calcium in the blood.
. Metastases in the brain or spinal cord can cause seizures, headaches, weakness, numbness or confusion.
. Metastasis to the lungs can cause breathing difficulties, chest pain or swelling of the face and neck.
Treatment: Self-treatment:
. A balanced diet must be maintained.Once the diagnosis is made all the estrogen medications should be discontinued, including the pill.
Medical care:
Many women, adjunctive therapy after surgery to prevent the return. Or tamoxifen (a hormonal pill) or chemotherapy (drugs intravenously) may be recommended depending on the type of cancer. more advanced case has been treated with chemotherapy or hormonal therapy.
Surgical treatment:
Two alternativeInitial treatment for this are:
. Lumpectomy with lymph node dissection followed by radiation to the chest.
. Mastectomy (lumpectomy or mastectomy, modified radical)
Prevention:
Early diagnosis of the beast with the usual self-examination and mammograms (X-ray) screening is important. Low - low-fat diet and moderate alcohol consumption may be important. Some researchers speculate that exercise for preadolescent girls may be appropriate if the delaysThe age of onset of menstruation.
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